The New Zealand Curriculum and how it all fits together...
 

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The New Zealand Curriculum gives the framework for what schools should be teaching.  There is an overall vision of "young people who will be confident, connected, actively involved, lifelong learners" and there are guiding principles such as the Treaty of Waitangi.  The curriculum document then breaks into three key areas:
1.Values.  This is one of the big changes to the new curriculum - schools are expected to teach values - this is stuff like being fair and honest, caring for others and for the environment. 
2.Key Competencies.  These are a list of what I would describe as general life skills - things like being able to get along with others, being able to motivate oneself and being able to contribute to a community. 
3. Learning Areas.  This is the bit of most relevance to this website because it lists the subject areas (English, Maths, Science etc) and the achievement objectives for each - what students should know and understand for each level of the subject.